An indicator of the portion of water hardness that consists of carbonate (CO₃²⁻) and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions associated with calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions. Expressed in mg/L CaCO₃ equivalent
Shows the chemical composition of water and its ability to neutralize acids, which affects household and industrial use.
High carbonate hardness leads to the formation of sediment (lime) when heating water, reducing the efficiency and durability of equipment
In occupational health and safety assessments (drinking water quality)
In water control of industrial facilities (boilers, pipelines, technological processes)
In environmental studies (assessment of the condition of water bodies)
